What is Anxiety?
Anxiety is a feeling of unease that arises as a result of potential risk or danger. The brain sends out a signal informing the body about the possible threat whilst releasing hormones and putting the body into flight or fight mode. In moderation, anxiety may be helpful to stay focused, alert, or take action when one feels under pressure (i.e. during exams, interviews or when public speaking).
However, Anxiety disorders frequently manifest in excessive and persistent worry and fear. This can cause the individual to become overwhelmed by a non-threatening situation and make it seem as if one is experiencing real danger. Anxiety can also provoke panic attacks where an individual experiences feelings of severe distress, fear, or even death. There is a likelihood that due to an underlying problem (i.e. trauma), one may suffer from an anxiety disorder. Until it is addressed, the anxiety is likely to be re-experienced.
Main Symptoms of Anxiety:
Physical
- Fatigue, dizziness feeling sick
- Strong, fast or irregular heartbeat, palpitations
- Shortness of breath
- Stomach-ache
- Muscle tension or aches
- Shivering or shaking
- Dry mouth
- Headache
Psychological
- Feeling frequently "on edge."
- Feeling panic, fear, and uneasiness
- Difficulty concentrating
- Racing thoughts
- Uncontrollable over-thinking
- Irritability
Types of Anxiety Disorders
Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD)
GAD main symptoms include the fear of uncertainty. It is often diagnosed when people experience intense worry such as excessive thinking or contemplation of various events that may occur in the future, which might be challenging to control or deal with. Individuals with a generalised anxiety disorder can also develop Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)- an obsession with unwanted and unpleasant thoughts, images, and urges to perform rituals. OCD causes feelings of anxiety, unease or disgust, and the belief that something terrible may happen if rituals are not performed.
Catastrophic anxiety disorder
Catastrophic anxiety disorder is often diagnosed when a person cultivates fears and beliefs that something terrible may happen to a close person in their life, even if they are together. Phobias are another type of catastrophic anxiety disorder that includes irrational, severe, and overwhelming fear of a situation, place, or object.
Common phobias include:
- Acrophobia (fear of heights)
- Claustrophobia (fear of confined or crowded spaces)
- Aerophobia (fear of flying)
- Hydrophobia- (fear of water)
- Hemophobia (fear of blood)
- Trypanophobia (fear of needles/ injections)
- Arachnophobia – (fear of spiders)
Social Anxiety
A debilitating fear of being watched or judged, worrying about meeting or speaking to people, avoiding eye contact or attending social events.
Panic Disorder
Fear of losing control (i.e agoraphobia- avoiding public places to prevent triggers of a panic attack).
How Can Therapy Help with Anxiety?
Therapy can support you in overcoming anxiety by:
- Exploring and uncovering the underlying causes that contribute to worries and fears
- Teaching relaxation techniques
- Introducing new coping and problem-solving strategies
- Identifying and preventing future episodes of anxiety
- Enabling one to perceive and experience situations in a calmer way